THE SECOPS GROUP CNSP GUIDE | VALID TEST CNSP TESTKING

The SecOps Group CNSP Guide | Valid Test CNSP Testking

The SecOps Group CNSP Guide | Valid Test CNSP Testking

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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q19-Q24):

NEW QUESTION # 19
If you find the 111/TCP port open on a Unix system, what is the next logical step to take?

  • A. Telnet to the port, send "GET / HTTP/1.0" and gather information from the response.
  • B. Telnet to the port to look for a banner.
  • C. Run "rpcinfo -p <hostname>" to enumerate the RPC services.
  • D. None of the above.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Port 111/TCP is the default port for the RPC (Remote Procedure Call) portmapper service on Unix systems, which registers and manages RPC services.
Why A is correct: Running rpcinfo -p <hostname> queries the portmapper to list all registered RPC services, their programs, versions, and associated ports. This is a logical next step during a security audit or penetration test to identify potential vulnerabilities (e.g., NFS or NIS services). CNSP recommends this command for RPC enumeration.
Why other options are incorrect:
B . Telnet to the port to look for a banner: Telnet might connect, but RPC services don't typically provide a human-readable banner, making this less effective than rpcinfo.
C . Telnet to the port, send "GET / HTTP/1.0" and gather information from the response: Port 111 is not an HTTP service, so an HTTP request is irrelevant and will likely fail.
D . None of the above: Incorrect, as A is a valid and recommended step.


NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following statements regarding Authorization and Authentication is true?

  • A. Authentication is the process where requests to access a particular resource are granted or denied. Authorization is providing and validating identity.
  • B. Authentication includes the execution rules that determine what functionality and data the user can access. Authentication and Authorization are both the same thing.
  • C. Authentication controls which processes a person can use and which files they can access, read, or modify. Authentication and authorization typically do not operate together, thus making it impossible to determine who is accessing the information.
  • D. Authorization is the process where requests to access a particular resource are granted or denied. Authentication is providing and validating the identity.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Authentication and Authorization (often abbreviated as AuthN and AuthZ) are foundational pillars of access control in network security:
Authentication (AuthN): Verifies "who you are" by validating credentials against a trusted source. Examples include passwords, MFA (multi-factor authentication), certificates, or biometrics. It ensures the entity (user, device) is legitimate, typically via protocols like Kerberos or LDAP.
Authorization (AuthZ): Determines "what you can do" after authentication, enforcing policies on resource access (e.g., read/write permissions, API calls). It relies on mechanisms like Access Control Lists (ACLs), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), or Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC).
Option A correctly separates these roles:
Authorization governs access decisions (e.g., "Can user X read file Y?").
Authentication establishes identity (e.g., "Is this user X?").
In practice, these processes are sequential: AuthN precedes AuthZ. For example, logging into a VPN authenticates your identity (e.g., via username/password), then authorizes your access to specific subnets based on your role. CNSP likely stresses this distinction for designing secure systems, as conflating them risks privilege escalation or identity spoofing vulnerabilities.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: Reverses the definitions-Authentication doesn't grant/deny access (that's AuthZ), and Authorization doesn't validate identity (that's AuthN). This mix-up could lead to flawed security models.
C: Falsely equates AuthN and AuthZ and attributes access rules to AuthN. They're distinct processes; treating them as identical undermines granular control (e.g., NIST SP 800-53 separates IA-2 for AuthN and AC-3 for AuthZ).
D: Misassigns access control to AuthN and claims they don't interoperate, which is false-they work together in every modern system (e.g., SSO with RBAC). This would render auditing impossible, contradicting security best practices.
Real-World Context: A web server (e.g., Apache) authenticates via HTTP Basic Auth, then authorizes via .htaccess rules-two separate steps.


NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following services do not encrypt its traffic by default?

  • A. SSH
  • B. FTPS
  • C. DNS
  • D. All of these

Answer: C

Explanation:
Encryption ensures confidentiality and integrity of network traffic. Analyzing defaults:
A . DNS (Domain Name System):
Default: Unencrypted (UDP/TCP 53), per RFC 1035. Queries/responses (e.g., "google.com → 142.250.190.14") are plaintext.
Modern Options: DNS over HTTPS (DoH, TCP 443) or DNS over TLS (DoT, TCP 853) encrypt, but aren't default in most systems (e.g., pre-2020 Windows).
B . SSH (Secure Shell):
Default: Encrypted (TCP 22), per RFC 4251. Uses asymmetric (e.g., RSA) and symmetric (e.g., AES) copyright for all sessions.
C . FTPS (FTP Secure):
Default: Encrypted (TCP 21 control, dynamic data ports). Extends FTP with SSL/TLS (e.g., RFC 4217), securing file transfers.
Technical Details:
DNS: Plaintext exposes queries to eavesdropping (e.g., ISP snooping) or spoofing (e.g., cache poisoning).
SSH/FTPS: Encryption is baked into their standards; disabling it requires explicit misconfiguration.
Security Implications: Unencrypted DNS risks privacy and integrity (e.g., Kaminsky attack). CNSP likely pushes DoH/DoT adoption.
Why other options are incorrect:
B, C: Encrypt by default.
D: False, as only DNS lacks default encryption.
Real-World Context: The 2013 Snowden leaks exposed DNS monitoring; DoH uptake (e.g., Cloudflare 1.1.1.1) counters this.


NEW QUESTION # 22
What ports does an MSSQL server typically use?

  • A. 1433/TCP, 2433/UDP, and 3433/TCP
  • B. 1433/TCP, 2433/UDP, and 1434/TCP
  • C. 1433/TCP, 1434/UDP, and 1434/TCP
  • D. 1533/TCP, 1434/UDP, and 2434/TCP

Answer: C

Explanation:
Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL) relies on specific ports for its core services, as defined by Microsoft and registered with IANA:
1433/TCP: The default port for the SQL Server Database Engine. Clients connect here for querying databases (e.g., via ODBC or JDBC). It's a well-known port, making it a frequent target for attacks if exposed.
1434/UDP: Used by the SQL Server Browser Service, which listens for incoming requests and redirects clients to the correct port/instance (especially for named instances). It's critical for discovering dynamic ports when 1433 isn't used.
1434/TCP: Less commonly highlighted but used in some configurations, such as dedicated admin connections (DAC) or when the Browser Service responds over TCP for specific instances. While 1433/TCP is the primary engine port, 1434/TCP can be involved in multi-instance setups.
Technical Details:
Ports can be customized (e.g., via SQL Server Configuration Manager), but these are defaults.
Named instances often use dynamic ports (allocated from the ephemeral range), with the Browser Service (1434/UDP) guiding clients to them.
Firewalls must allow these ports for MSSQL to function externally, posing risks if not secured (e.g., brute-force attacks on 1433/TCP).
Security Implications: CNSP likely covers MSSQL port security, as vulnerabilities like SQL Slammer (2003) exploited 1434/UDP misconfigurations. Hardening includes restricting access, changing defaults, and monitoring traffic.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . 1433/TCP, 2433/UDP, 3433/TCP: 2433/UDP and 3433/TCP are not MSSQL standards; they're likely typos or unrelated ports.
C . 1433/TCP, 2433/UDP, 1434/TCP: 2433/UDP is incorrect; 1434/UDP is the Browser Service port.
D . 1533/TCP, 1434/UDP, 2434/TCP: 1533/TCP and 2434/TCP aren't associated with MSSQL; they deviate from documented defaults.
Real-World Context: Tools like netstat -an | find "1433" on Windows confirm MSSQL's port usage during audits.


NEW QUESTION # 23
On a Microsoft Windows Operating System, what does the following command do?
net localgroup administrators

  • A. List domain admin users for the current domain
  • B. Displays the local administrators group on the computer

Answer: B

Explanation:
The net command in Windows is a legacy tool for managing users, groups, and network resources. The subcommand net localgroup <groupname> displays information about a specified local group on the machine where it's run. Specifically:
net localgroup administrators lists all members (users and groups) of the local Administrators group on the current computer.
The local Administrators group grants elevated privileges (e.g., installing software, modifying system files) on that machine only, not domain-wide.
Output Example:
Alias name administrators
Comment Administrators have complete and unrestricted access to the computer Members
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Administrator Domain Admins The command completed successfully.
Technical Details:
Local groups are stored in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) database (e.g., C:WindowsSystem32configSAM).
This differs from domain groups (e.g., Domain Admins), managed via Active Directory.
Security Implications: Enumerating local admins is a reconnaissance step in penetration testing (e.g., to escalate privileges). CNSP likely covers this command for auditing and securing Windows systems.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . List domain admin users for the current domain: This requires net group "Domain Admins" /domain, which queries the domain controller, not the local SAM. net localgroup is strictly local.
Real-World Context: Attackers use this command post-compromise (e.g., via PsExec) to identify privilege escalation targets.


NEW QUESTION # 24
......

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